Portugal

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The Flag of Portugal is the national flag of the Portuguese Republic. It is a rectangular bicolor with a field unevenly divided into green on the hoist, and red on the fly. The lesser version of the national coat of arms (i.e. armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) is centered over the color boundary at equal distance from the upper and lower edges, these colors were popularly propagandized as representing the hope of the nation (green) and the blood (red) of those who died defending it, as a means to endow them with a more patriotic and dignified, therefore less political, sentiment. The armillary sphere was an important astronomical and navigational instrument for the Portuguese sailors who ventured into unknown seas, during the Age of Discoveries.The Portuguese shield rests over the armillary sphere, Within the white inescutcheon, the five quinas (small blue shields) with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ when crucified and are popularly associated with the "Miracle of Ourique".The seven castles are traditionally considered a symbol of the Portuguese victories over their Moorish enemies, under Afonso III, who supposedly captured seven enemy fortresses in the course of his conquest of the Algarve, concluded in 1249.